Dosage calculation

IV drip rate calculation (gtt/min)

When an IV runs by gravity instead of a pump, you count drops per minute. The drip rate depends on the volume, the time in minutes, and the tubing's drop factor (gtt/mL) printed on the package — commonly 10, 15, 20 (macrodrip) or 60 (microdrip).

The formula

gtt/min = (Volume mL ÷ Time min) × Drop factor (gtt/mL)

How to solve it

  1. Convert the infusion time to minutes.
  2. Set up the flow rate (mL ÷ min) and multiply by the drop factor (gtt ÷ mL).
  3. Cancel mL so only gtt/min remains, then solve.
  4. Round to a whole drop — you cannot count a fraction of a drop.

Common mistakes

  • Leaving time in hours instead of converting to minutes.
  • Using the wrong drop factor for the tubing on hand.
  • Reporting a decimal drip rate instead of rounding to whole drops.
Safety check: Microdrip tubing (60 gtt/mL) makes gtt/min equal to mL/hr — a useful check, not a shortcut to skip the setup.

Worked examples

See it solved

An order reads: infuse 500 mL of D5 1/2 NS over 2 hours by gravity. The tubing drop factor is 20 gtt/mL.

Volume500 mL
Time2 hr (120 min)
Drop factor20 gtt/mL

What is the drip rate in gtt/min?

Answer: 83 gtt/min

Step-by-step solution

1. Start from the flow rate and multiply by the drop factor
( 500 mL ÷ 120 min ) × ( 20 gtt ÷ 1 mL )
2. Cancel mL and solve
= ( 500 × 20 ) ÷ 120 gtt/min
= 83.33 gtt/min
3. Round to whole drops (you cannot count part of a drop)
83.33 gtt/min ≈ 83 gtt/min
= 83 gtt/min

An order reads: infuse 250 mL of D5 1/2 NS over 2 hours by gravity. The tubing drop factor is 15 gtt/mL.

Volume250 mL
Time2 hr (120 min)
Drop factor15 gtt/mL

What is the drip rate in gtt/min?

Answer: 31 gtt/min

Step-by-step solution

1. Start from the flow rate and multiply by the drop factor
( 250 mL ÷ 120 min ) × ( 15 gtt ÷ 1 mL )
2. Cancel mL and solve
= ( 250 × 15 ) ÷ 120 gtt/min
= 31.25 gtt/min
3. Round to whole drops (you cannot count part of a drop)
31.25 gtt/min ≈ 31 gtt/min
= 31 gtt/min

An order reads: infuse 500 mL of D5W over 4 hours by gravity. The tubing drop factor is 20 gtt/mL.

Volume500 mL
Time4 hr (240 min)
Drop factor20 gtt/mL

What is the drip rate in gtt/min?

Answer: 42 gtt/min

Step-by-step solution

1. Start from the flow rate and multiply by the drop factor
( 500 mL ÷ 240 min ) × ( 20 gtt ÷ 1 mL )
2. Cancel mL and solve
= ( 500 × 20 ) ÷ 240 gtt/min
= 41.67 gtt/min
3. Round to whole drops (you cannot count part of a drop)
41.67 gtt/min ≈ 42 gtt/min
= 42 gtt/min